Alright, so this is another topic on which there are entire volumes of work that have been written, so I will not attempt to replicate those many books into a blog post.
However, this should be a great primer on which you can start to build your familiarity with the planets and how they correspond to concepts, days, times, colors, and Zodiac signs. In astrological planetary correspondence, the sun and moon are considered planets for the sake of continuity of terminology, even though they are a star and a moon, respectively, in astronomical terms.
Let’s get started:
The Sun
Characteristics: creative, inspirational, masculine, courageous, abundance, warmth, star, noble, stimulating, lion, tiger, hawk, Sphinx, yellow flowers, saffron, gold (metal), Apollo, Ra, Helios, Sol, Vishnu, Bastet, Hathor, Baal, Freyr, Isis, Kali Ma, Shakti, Eos, Amun, Sekhmet, Surya, Aine
Colors: yellow, gold
Zodiac: Leo
Elements: Air
Days/Times: Sunday; the 1st, 8th, 15th, and 22nd hours of the day, based on the exact time of sunrise as 00:00
The Moon:
Characteristics: intuitive, passionate, changing/cyclical, beauty, glamour, dreams, prophecies, tides, oceans, cleansing, releasing, dark, illuminating, cats, bats, owls, ravens, purple flowers, jasmine, silver (metal), moonstone, fertility, birth, feminine, manifesting, imagination, Artemis, Selene, Luna, Hekate, Diana, Shiva, Bastet, Astarte, Cerridwen, Hathor, Ishtar, Lilith, the Morrigan, Yemaya, Chang’e, Thoth, Mani, Hina
Colors: silver, blue, lavender, black,
Zodiac: Cancer
Elements: Air
Days/Times: Monday; hours 4, 11, and 18 of the day, based on the exact time of sunrise as 00:00
Mercury:
Characteristics: communication, travel, masculine, intelligence, thought, education, learning, intellectual, Sphynx, pigeons, sandalwood, lavender, mercury/quicksilver (metal), carnelian, messages, messengers, wings, Hermes, Anubis, Ganesha, Thoth (Djehuti), Seshat, Maat, Odin, business, commerce, coin purse, winged sandals
Colors: yellow, orange
Zodiac: Gemini and Virgo
Elements: Water
Days/Times: Wednesday; Hours 3, 10, 17, and 24, based on the exact time of sunrise as 00:00
Venus:
Characteristics: luck, love, relationships, money, affection, friendships, beauty, art, music, dance, sensuality, sexuality, growth, passion, cats, bees, Elder tree/flowers, copper (metal), green gemstones, green crystals, creativity, inspiration, Venus, Aphrodite, Ishtar, Isis, Astarte, Lakshmi, Hathor, Bastet, Freya, Asherah, Branwen, Brigid, Corn Maiden, Cupid, Hestia
Colors: Green, some greenish-blues, turquoise
Zodiac: Taurus, Libra
Elements: Fire
Days/Times: Friday; Hours 2, 9, 16, and 23, based on the exact time of sunrise as 00:00
Mars:
Characteristics: energetic, enthusiastic, hot, courage, war, strength, protection, power, masculine, engineering, metalworking, blacksmith, iron, free speech, shield, sword, spear, helmet, ram, wolf, serpent, dragons blood (incense), spices (those with capsaicin, especially), iron (metal), rubies, red agate, red jasper, warriors, soldiers, Aries, Mars, Vulcan, Durga, Horus, Sekhmet, Maris, Badb, Medb, Thor, Tyr,
Colors: Red, orange
Zodiac: Aries
Elements: Fire
Days/Times: Tuesday; Hours 7, 14, and 21, based on the exact time of sunrise as 00:00
Saturn:
Characteristics: serious, lofty, rules, authority, brooding, transformation, renewing, mystical, bats, nightshade, myrrh, lead (metal), Hera, Kronos, Juno, Saturn, Ishtar, Parvati, Kali, Shiva, Brahma, Net, Ptah, Osiris, Set, Aegir, Saturnalia/Yule
Colors: gray, reddish gray, reddish brown
Zodiac: Capricorn
Elements: Earth
Days/Times: Saturday; Hours 5, 12, and 19, based on the exact time of sunrise as 00:00
Jupiter:
Characteristics: expansive, growth, acquisition, optimism, leadership, prosperity, good will, humor, health, power, personal development, spontaneity, oak, crown, trident, the sea/ocean, thunderbolt, 4, majestic, bull, centaur, eagle, cedar, olive tree, cloves, tin (metal), blue gemstones and crystals, Zeus, Athena, Poseidon, Jupiter,Marduk, Minerva, Indra, Sarasvati, Maat, Hapi, Amun-Ra, Enlil, Thor, the Winter King,
Colors: blue, royal blue, light blue, white
Zodiac: Sagittarius
Elements: Water
Days/Times: Thursday; Hours 6, 13, and 20, based on the exact time of sunrise as 00:00
Uranus:
Characteristics: rebellion, revolution, outside-the-box, eccentric, unusual, surprises, science, invention, upheaval, breakthroughs, genius, quirky, innovative, generational culture, wake-up calls, beneficial disruption, speak up/speak out, Uranus, Caelus, Pan, Varuna, titanium (metal), quartz, cloves, nutmeg
Colors: Magenta
Zodiac: Aquarius
Elements: Water
Days/Times: Wednesday; Hour 22, based on the exact time of sunrise as 00:00
Neptune:
Characteristics: dreams, dreaming, intuition, imagination, psychic, mystic, spirituality, mercy, kindness, compassion, sensitivity, empathy, Njord, Poseidon, Neptune, seaweed, kelp, shells, abalone, seahorse, horse, bulls
Colors: Sea green, aquamarine, turquoise
Zodiac: Pisces
Elements: Water
Days/Times: Friday; Hour 11, based on the exact time of sunrise as 00:00
Pluto:
Characteristics: transformation, reinvention, death, rebirth, afterlife, underworld, truth-seeking, Ereshkigal, Thanatos, Janos, the Morrigan, Nepthys, Hades, Hel, Osiris, Persephone, pyrite (metal/mineral), black opal, black crystals, black flowers, poisonous plants
Colors: black
Zodiac: Scorpio
Elements:
Days/Times: Monday; Saturday; Pluto is associated with the number zero. This can be interpreted as either 00:00 on the clock (as in, the exact time of midnight), or as 00:00 relative to the sunrise, meaning the exact moment of sunrise as the beginning of the 24 hours of that calendar day